Metallurgy of iron, steelmaking 1 gmelindurrer, 4th. Basic oxygen steelmaking how is basic oxygen steelmaking. The oxygen steelmaking process is a generic name given to those processes in which gaseous oxygen is used as the primary agent for autothermic generation of heat as a result of the oxidation of dissolved impurities like carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus and to a. Bof and eaf steelmaking processes as a first step to estimate the unknown output streams, thereafter calculating the energy profile and drawing sankey diagram. Dissolution behaviour of manganese ore in basic oxygen furnace. The basic oxygen steelmaking bos process consortium steel.
Steel is run out of the taphole into a ladle, separating it from the lighter slag, which is later emptied as waste. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel. It is therefore critical to maintain a slag composition that improves the phosphorus removal. Pdf multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen. The basic oxygen steelmaking bos process consortium. Dephosphorization during the latter part of the basic oxygen steelmaking process is very important because the conditions are favorable compared to other processes within primary and secondary steelmaking. Bos is the most common and dominant primary steelmaking process used in the world today. The bos process is now complete and the furnace can be tapped.
At the end of the basic oxygen steelmaking process, described in chapter 5, blast furnace gases contain 30% co2, and the concentration in the overall flue gas. The furnace needs no heating because the oxygen combines very exothermically with the impurity elements, carbon, silicon, manganese and phosphorus. Bof, bos, bottom blowing, combined blowing, converter, heat, ld converter, ld gas, sppreesed combustion, steelmaking, top blowing. If the oxygen available for this reaction is not removed deoxidized prior to casting, the gaseous products continue to evolve during solidification.
The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic heatreleasing reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and. However, blowing oxygen at high speed is sometimes not effectively. Nov 14, 2016 the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. After the blow has continued for about 20 minutes, the metal is sampled. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. The altmetric attention score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. In the bof steelmaking process, basic oxygen furnaces are charged with approximately 10 20% steel scraps and 80 90% molten iron. Iron contains impurities in the form of silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and manganese. Products ironmaking and steelmaking bof basic oxygen. Killed steel carbon and oxygen react in the steelmaking process to form a gas. The vessels are lined with heat resistant refractory materials eg. Among the newest basic oxygen shops onstream are those at armcos. One of stateofart method to make steel from iron ore.
As oxygen is injected into a basic oxygen furnace, carbon, silicon,manganese and iron. A basic oxygen furnace is a reactor in which oxygen is blown through molten pig iron that is heated to approximately 1,600. The aim of this simulation convert approximately 250 tonnes of hot metal and scrap into steel. Basic oxygen steelmaking journal of chemical education acs. In oxygen steelmaking the injected oxygen oxidise the impure elements. F converter life, reliability and costs are vital to the smooth operations of steel plants worldwide. The origin of modern oxygen steelmaking steel times 92000, 328330 20h. Topic welding industry metallurgy basic oxygen steelmaking. The basic oxygen steelmaking vessel is an 11mhigh cauldron which converts iron into steel by pumping oxygen through the molten metal at twice the speed of sound, removing unwanted carbon. Basic oxygen steelmaking simulation steeluniversity. Basic oxygen steelmaking article about basic oxygen. Mass balances provide a fundamental approach for analysing the oxygen steelmaking process. Basically, once when the steelmaking technology is developed, lance was first lowered from top position.
Recycling and reuse of basic oxygen furnace bof basic oxygen process bop in steelmaking slags continued based on previous research conducted by mtu, it is believed that steelmaking slag can be processed into highiron and noniron fractions. The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. Basic oxygen steelmaking also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter. Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore andor scrap. Its composition at this stage is shown in bar chart 3. Introduction the purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary steelmaking shop. The place of basic oxygen steelmaking springerlink.
Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. Danieli linz oxygen converter steelmaking plants danieli. The process is known as basic due to the chemical nature of the refractoriescalcium oxide and magnesium oxidethat line the vessel to withstand the high. This is achieved by blowing oxygen into the melt to cause a decarburization in the melt which lowers the carbon content to between 0. Learn more about these metrics article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Experimental investigation on high temperature roasting of basic. The basic oxygen steel bos making process this can be described via the following steps.
Found in every corner of the planet, steel has come to be one of our most used materials for building a sturdy product. May 14, 2011 the basic oxygen steelmaking process differs from the eaf in that it is autogenous, or selfsufficient in energy. A watercooled oxygen lance lowered into the furnace blows 99%. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. History of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal bath contained in a vessel which. The basic oxygen steelmaking module is part of the steel manufacturing course. The first metallurgical step is to reduce iron ore to metallic iron, a. Basic oxygen steelmaking reactions iron and steelmaking. Two types of furnaces that create steel are the basic oxygen furnace and the electric arc furnace, each of which have their own set of pros and cons. Basic oxygen process an overview sciencedirect topics. Co and co 2 are produced in the decarburisation reaction and the products of other oxidising reactions i. Comprehensive thermodynamic model of basic oxygen steel making pro.
Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a method of creating steel that utilizes the blowing of pure oxygen to convert liquid iron and scrap into steel basic oxygen steelmaking. This module introduces the learner to the operation of the basic oxygen steelmaking furnace for the transformation of molten iron to steel. Rhamdhani swinburne university of technology, hawthorn, vic 3122 australia key words. Karlheinz spitzer, tu clausthal jochen schluter, sms group. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or.
May 10, 2018 found in every corner of the planet, steel has come to be one of our most used materials for building a sturdy product. Results are measured by total time, total cost and steel composition. After charging, the furnace is blown by blasting oxygen through a lance that is lowered into the molten metal. The development of a process charge expert system for a. So this is really the prototype of oxygen steelmaking. Content introduction types of steel classification of carbon steel process of steelmaking basic oxygen furnace dri based steel making bessemer process open hearth furnace production of steel modern steelmaking process. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at. Pdf thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal. In iron and steel making using converter widely known as a basic oxygen furnace bof to remove carbon from molten pig iron is a mature process.
Pdf geotechnical properties of fresh and aged basic oxygen. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is converted into steel. Pdf desphosphorization in ironmaking and oxygen steelmaking. In many ways the techniques of primary steel making were neglected in favour of secondary processes but with these developments logistics and the. The primary raw materials for the bop are 7080% liquid hot metal from the blast furnace and the balance is steel scrap. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. Oxygen furnace bof to create liquid steel, solidifying the liquid steel via continuous casting, and finally sending the semifinished casts to various finishing refinements. Although oxygen steelmaking is a wellknown process there are a lot of current challenges for the operating engineer. Plant and equipment, metallurgical processes, chemistry, raw materials, products and byproducts. Ironmaking and steelmaking bof basic oxygen furnace dlt danieli linz technology is the center for competence of converter oxygen steelmaking, covering the complete range of products downstream of the blast furnace and upstream from secondary metallurgy, in. To put it simply, basic oxygen steelmaking is a means of producing steel by using oxygen. As the basic oxygen furnace shell is exposed to severe hightemperature conditions during use, its material experiences gradual degradation leading to thermal deformation and cracking that. Basic oxygen steelmaking reactions iron and steelmaking ii.
In steelmaking, impurities such as nitrogen, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and excess carbon most important impurity are removed from the sourced iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, carbon and vanadium are added to produce different grades of steel. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. The word basic refers to the ph of the refractories lining the ladle interior, which are normally composed of calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. Pdf geotechnical properties of fresh and aged basic. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic. Kinetics of decarburization reaction in oxygen steelmaking process neslihan dogan, geoffrey a. Kinetics of decarburization reaction in oxygen steelmaking. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of. Despite the advances in steelmaking technology,9 which have taken place since bessemers day, slopping remains.
Multiphysical modeling approach for basic oxygen steelmaking process. Dec 16, 2015 history of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal bath contained in a vessel which is known as basic oxygen furnace bof, ld converter, or simply converter. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process. A novel process control model for basic oxygen furnace bof steelmaking is proposed based on metallurgy mechanism, with lower contents of carbon, manganese, silicon, and lower temperature in semi. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic velocity. The facility is made up of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos plant, where the steel is made by three basic oxygen convertors, and the continuous casting plant concast, where the liquid steel takes shape and is made into slabs.
Basic oxygen steelmaking journal of chemical education. Steelmaking plants commonly have inhouse mass balance. Steel cost modelling notes the steel costing model the economic model shown above is prepared only to shown how liquid steel cost can be calculated through a simple cost benchmarking type approach. Basic oxygen furnace route steelmaking costs 2020 conversion costs for bof steelmaking. The main functions of the basic oxygen furnace bof are to decarburize and remove phosphorus from the hot metal, and to optimize the. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. Jan 12, 2017 an introduction to a special issue of journal of myetals devoted to the revolutionary basic oxygen steelmaking processes. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. The basic oxygen steelmaking process differs from the eaf in that it is autogenous, or selfsufficient in energy. Modern steelmaking abhay deo 12met012 metallurgy,giet gunupur 2.
Feb 25, 2016 basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Modelling of basic oxygen steel making process has significant utility as productivity and lining life of basic oxygen steelmaking bos is highly dependable upon mass, momentum, energy. These are charged into the basic oxygen furnace bof vessel. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, and osm, also known as linzdonawitz steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. The process occurs in a furnace which is a specially designed steel vessel that may be rotated through 360 in a vertical plane. In order to improve manganese yield during the reduction process of manganese ore in blowing practices employing less slag at bof, the. Jamie shorta, chris barnesa, dr mark evansb, dr roger grosvenorc, paul prickettc. The predicted total costing shown is not meant to represent an actual cost for any real steel company.
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