The internal migration choices of ghanaian youths unuwider. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in southern ghana. Migration, social demands and environmental change amongst. Migration in ghana, like migration anywhere else in the world, is in response to imbalances in development existing between origin and destination areas. Aug 09, 2018 internal migration and north south migration in particular, has been prevalent in ghana since the precolonial era. Reintegration experiences of internal return migrants in the. Contemporary female migration in ghana demographic research. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in. Other studies on northsouth migration have focused on the migration of young females from the northern sector to the southern parts of ghana to engaged in various economic activities such as the kaya yei. Local perceptions of migration from northwest ghana.
Seasonal migration from northern ghana and elsewhere thus serves important functions. Oct 17, 2007 given the extreme poverty in many lowincome countries, substantial migration flows also occur among lowincome countries of different income levels. The history of migration in ghana there is a long history of migration both internal and international in ghana peil, 1974. The high level of migration of people from northern to southern ghana is rooted in historical antecedents. Local perceptions of migration from northwest ghana africa. In ghana, three regions upper west, upper east and northern have the highest proportion of voluntary outmigrants but the percentage share of the population of these regions together has been less than 20. Coping strategies of independent child migrants from. A historical perspective on northsouth and southsouth relations 3. It appears ruralurban migration in ghana as far as young female migrants. The paper contributes to the growing body of literature that has highlighted the impact of underdevelopment and poverty as. Southsouth migration is estimated to account for half of all outward migration from south asia, 64 per cent of migration. Pdf the purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of northsouth migration in ghana. In short, migration is a call for both a policy and programme response at all levels of governance.
The new economics of labour migration nelm interprets. Internal migration, especially northsouth migration, has been an important direction of flow in ghana and indeed the entire west africa since the precolonial era. Research paper on migration conducted by leila ezzarqui, senior research officer, alliance of civilizations secretariat, united nations, new york based on a background research report prepared by yasemin soysal, university of essex this paper was prepared by the alliance of civilizations secretariat for consideration by the highlevel group. The researcher administered questionnaires, interview guide, visually observed and took notes on the field. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Awareness of the decisionmaking processes that lie behind the northsouth independent migration of children would constitute an important basis for the formulation of informed and. Pdf this paper revisits the old northsouth migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra. The issue of north south youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005. For the first time in the history of ghana, the government of ghana has formulated a comprehensive national migration policy nmp to help manage its internal, intraregional and international migration flows for poverty reduction and sustained national development. Migration has historically been a way of life in west africa and migration within ghana is no exception.
Journal of identity and migration studies volume 11, number 2, 2017 47 reintegration experiences of internal return migrants in the wa municipality, ghana elijah yendaw, augustine tanle and stephen b. The nexus of female capital and northsouth labor migration. However, the contact with europeans created new patterns of movement, first through slave trade and later colonisation, within the subregion and with the. Migrant remittances have played an important role in the. Northsouth migration and remittances in ghana african.
North south migration to developing countries frank laczko head, migration research division, international organization for migration european migration network conference, dublin, june 14. Hereby, qualitative data was used, retrieved from young nonmigrants and returnees in the rural parts of the northern region in ghana. Economic returns, migrants subculture, northsouth migration, ghana. The extent of migration between developing countries, called southsouth migration, and the issues surrounding it remain poorly understood. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocat. Causes of ruralurban migration in sankana in the nadowli. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of north south migration in ghana see figure 3. Part 1 of this series examined data on southsouth migration and southsouth remittances in part 2, the focus is on why migrants from one developing country go to another developing country, and what kinds of socioeconomic effects such movements. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of north. Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic. Other studies on northsouth migration have focused on the migration of young females from the northern sector to the southern parts of ghana to engaged in various economic activities such as.
Ghanas internal migration is primarily a northsouth. In ghana, studies on returnees reintegration are mostly limited to international return migrants from western countries. Northsouth migration flows, as well as patterns based on historical ties refer to, for example, the lusophone countries, which, against a background of economic recession in the. The phenomenon of female headload portaging in the large commercial cities of southern ghana has become a social canker. Awareness of the decisionmaking processes that lie behind the north south independent migration of children would constitute an important basis for the formulation of informed and. Migration, social demands and environmental change. The country has a northsouth extent of about 670 km and a maximum eastwest extent of about 560 km. The number of urban drawlers is expected to increase in the worlds two poorest regions south asia and subsaharan africa in the next two decades. This study regards north south migration in ghana with a focus put on social networks and possibilities for mobility of young returnees and nonmigrants in the northern region. Migration is increasingly recognized as a major human. Ghana geography, climate and population ghana is situated on the west coast of africa with a total area of 238 540 km2. Bridging the north south divide in ghana world bank.
Paper presented at the international conference on environment, forced migration and social vulnerability, bonn, 911 october. Lattof et al contemporary female migration in ghana. Drivers of northsouth migration in the wa west district. Historical context of north south migration in ghana the pattern of internal migration in the ghana has particularly been influenced by the stark differences in the levels of development between north and south, as well as their respective capacities to respond to new economic opportunities. Twenty years of rapid economic development in ghana has done little, if anything, to reduce the historical north, south divide in standards of living. Using statistics on migration flows by country of origin gathered by three of the traditional countries of immigration australia, canada and the united states of america and five european countries belgium, federal republic of germany, netherlands, sweden and the united kingdom of. Aside the conscription of people, mostly men, into the royal west african frontier force rwaff of colonial britain, the then northern. Bridging the north south divide in ghana draft summary the intractability of regional inequality in ghana regional inequality is significant. Increasing population growth in northern ghana is an indication of reduced northsouth migration and. Tackling poverty in northern ghana english abstract. Northsouth migration, has been an important direction of flow in ghana and. Remittances, northern ghana, northsouth migration, accra, kumasi, susu. Return migrants in the northsouth independent child migration in ghana. The issue of northsouth youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005.
This phenomenon is due to northsouth migration which has been widely attributed to low socioeconomic development and unfavourable physical characteristics in these regions. Internal migration and northsouth migration in particular, has been prevalent in ghana since the precolonial era. Development research centre on migration, globalisation and poverty, university of sussex working paper t29. In west africa, seasonal internal migration, especially northsouth migration, has been an important movement pattern since early colonial times anar. Consequently, the majority end up becoming homeless, sleeps in front of peoples shops at night and become. We argue that internal migration may not be a silver bullet in the fight against poverty. Europeans on the west coast from the 1400s onwards disrupted the then existing northsouth movement of people and goods. Internally, northsouth migration has long marked ghanas migration dynamics 14. Aside the conscription of people, mostly men, into the royal west african frontier force rwaff of colonial britain, the then northern territories upper east, west and northern regions and parts of burkina faso also served as a labor.
Challenges and concerns about migration and trafficking in. Consider, for example, migration from burkina faso, mali, and niger to cote divoire and ghana, and from bangladesh and nepal to india. Tackling poverty in northern ghana english the world bank. This broad theoretical framework is useful to look at the case of ghanas northern regions.
The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the. Using statistics on migration flows by country of origin gathered by three of the traditional countries of immigration australia, canada and the united states of america and five european countries belgium, federal republic of germany, netherlands, sweden and the. March 1, 2011 document of the world bank report no. Introduction in the words of mansell prothero, migration movements have been a feature of africa in the past and are one of its most important demographical features at the present day anarfi. This is the case between the 1910 and 1960 censuses and in the last intercensal period 19842000. The movement of youth from rural northern ghana to the south has been a recurrent research focus. This paper examines the dynamics of north south migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. This paper examines the dynamics of northsouth migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. Historical context of northsouth migration in ghana the pattern of internal migration in the ghana has particularly been influenced by the stark differences in the levels of development between north and south, as well as their respective capacities to respond to. Reintegration experiences of internal return migrants in.
The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the purpose of gaining access to the informal economy. Northsouth relations in theoretical perspective it was not until the second world war had destroyed the old world order that the issue of development of the societies in africa, asia, and latin america came on the agenda of policymakers and scientists in the north. Migration in ghana migration in ghana iom publications. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of north south migration in ghana. A dissertation presented by lynda joyce pickbourn submitted to the graduate school of the university of massachusetts amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy september 2011 department of economics. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of northsouth migration in ghana. The study aims at the relationship between ruralurban migration and urban poverty in ghana with a focus on some areas in accra. Jan 07, 2015 in short, migration is a call for both a policy and programme response at all levels of governance. Paper presented at the international conference on environment, forced migration and social.
It explores the perspectives of resident nandom youth migrants in accra with emphasis on three key issues, namely perception, predisposing factors and impacts of their southern migration project on the nandom community. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocation of women from northern to southern ghana to engage in street headload portaging, with the goal of examining the potential of microfinance to reverse this trend. Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic effects. An important insight from this paper is that migration flows in ghana can be explained partly by vegetation dynamics. This study regards northsouth migration in ghana with a focus put on social networks and possibilities for mobility of young returnees and nonmigrants in the northern region. A number of studies have been conducted on various aspects of north south migration in ghana, some of which have focused on remittances from migrants to their home villages, migration as a livelihood strategy adapted by the migrants, migration and agricultural productivity, and migration and. The perception of greater availability of socioeconomic opportunities in. One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the different ecological zones in the subregion. This paper revisits the old north south migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra. Interviews with 203 migrant farmers suggest that migration from the north to the south is, to a large extent, environmentally induced. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of. The map shows that the migration stream from northern ghana to the. Historical perspectives on northsouth child migration in ghana 5. Northsouth migration to developing countries frank laczko head, migration research division, international organization for migration european migration network conference, dublin, june 14.
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